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The Siberian North thousands of years was inhabited by the surprising people. They ate strange food, wore exotic clothes, believed in unusual Gods. Ancient traditions enigmatically helped them to survive with deadly conditions of the polar region. And here meetings with a civilization did not manage to endure these people. The modern way of life destroyed their culture.

"Therefore the richest funeral argish - to five-seven sledge - were at elderly women. Throughout all the life they sheathed family, fed her, gave to drink. Therefore in a funeral argish, her children, grandsons collected clothes. In these things there was vital force died. Of course. by the time of death, managed to sew new clothes and to make house utensils of her daughter and daughter-in-law" - the scientist explains.

Nganasans held domestic deer only for hunting. Their economy, culture, outlook, religion were exclusively thinly ready for life in harmony with fatally severe nature surrounding them. They never were much. People number in the best times did not exceed several thousand. Them was exactly so much how many the poor tundra could support.

And in general, according to the ethnographer, one of distinctive features of the northern people about which very few people know is a love of children. "Traditionally in the north treated them with huge tenderness, awe. Of course, demanded from them obedience, submission by the senior, but at the same time cared for them and cherished. About any punishments and humiliations of children and the speech went" - the scientist notes.

And stains besides traditionally at them were rather easy. Infertility of the wife was the main cause of cancellation of conjugal ties. Lack of posterity for all traditional people - not just the tragedy, and a family damnation. Without continuation joint life of spouses in the tundra did not make sense.

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"It as in the Russian proverb: "Whose bull-calf would not jump, and the cow calf all will be equal ours". Excess workers in traditional nomadic economy were always necessary, at big child mortality at the northern people". - Batashev explains.

"Probably it is quite good. You will talk to the person, you will ask him about ancestors and here speaks with pride: and I nganasanin. And it is fine. Let him also do not know language. Scots and Irish too almost forgot the native Celtic languages, and - kept consciousness. It would be desirable, as radical northerners remembered, returned the memory of the great roots" - the ethnographer Batyshev told.

NORTHERN CODE

The last of radical (Siberian) northerners of tradition began to forget the Nganasan. In the 1960th years all representatives of these people it is universal knew the native language, perfectly knew the roots and features of nomadic economy.

MARRIAGE Uzysurovaya the nature and features of nomadic economy forced to stick the Nganasan to strong family bonds. In the tundra only the strong family could survive. From here, including, not only reverent attitude to children and valid - to old men, but also close attachment of spouses. And nevertheless and northerners stains met.

The LOST ROOTS

"There were cases when the man returned the wife to parents because of treason and demanded the bridewealth which is back paid for it. Anything happened: having come back home ahead of time he could find in plague of the reindeer breeder from the next kochevya. But also the woman quite could demand a divorce if her husband banged" - Batashev says.

Now only every tenth of the Nganasan children knows the native language. Number the Nganasan now is estimated by from 850 to 1100 people. Many of them were settled across the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Some went to live to Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Moscow and St. Petersburg. One family moved to Donbass and its destiny is not known so far.

In that case, according to the ethnographer, the husband just returned the infertile wife to parents. And, he acquired the right to marry her younger sister. It was an ideal exit as parents did not need to give to the man a bridewealth, and to it to look for the new wife in other kochev.

"The guy sang it love songs, paid compliments, offered gifts. If the girl accepted a gift, it means agreed to more serious relations and too gave something to the young man in reply. After that it could come to her in plagues to spend the night. There too was a special etiquette. The guy did not use an entrance at all, it quietly crept through bed curtains plague at night" - the ethnographer specifies.

According to Batashev, the free relations the Nganasan do not speak about their dissoluteness at all. The population on Taimyr was small. The youth saw each other only when to one kochevya met another, and there was it seldom. But as soon as the guy met the girl from other family, he at once tried to enter with it into the close relations.

The difficult funeral ritual is characteristic of all northern people. The tundra with permafrost did not allow to bury people in the earth. At the Nganasan either air, or land burials were widespread. In the forest-tundra of a body of the dead tied to crowns, in the tundra put on sledge.

Strangely enough, in recent years the number of indigenous people of the North began to grow. It became clear that the reason for that good privileges. Children from the mixed families began to write down themselves in northerners, let, for example them to them concern them only on mother, and the father at them the Russian, the Ukrainian or the Uzbek. It is so favorable by the representative of indigenous people.

HAPPY CHILDHOOD

Before the Taimyr native it was possible to recognize by clothes. It spoke about nationality of the owner, his sex, age and even about marital status. "I somehow saw in one of northern settlements of the guy of indigenous people. He quietly paced down the street in a traditional dress of the unmarried girl. And its it how many did not confuse" - the ethnographer of the Krasnoyarsk museum of local lore Mikhail Batashev tells.

It is unknown why, but at the Nganasan unlike other northern people there were liberal customs - quite free premarital relations at youth. At the same Evenks and Yakuts the adult generation did not approve the similar relations and strictly stopped.

One more surprising feature of the people - with the dead all his things buried. Nganasans considered that the person, touching things, leaves on them a part of the vital force. And when he dies, this energy through its things can attract lives of other people, extend their vital force to the country of the Gloom. They considered that things of the dead man threaten with inevitable death.

Happened that as a result of the short relations the child appeared. The Nganasan treated it normally too. The kid was accepted as native. When the girl married, he remained with her parents. Here too there was a thin ethical calculation: the bride kept formal innocence, the child admitted the full and favourite family member and that is very important, with the right for inheritance.

FREE CUSTOMS

"When nganasanin died, his body lay three days in plague. Family considered it alive. as soul did not depart to the country of the Gloom yet - the Lower world. With the dead handled, as live: talked to him, gave a tube, put food nearby and so on. For the third day collected a caravan - funeral argish" - Batyshev continues.

Therefore, he adds, death at the Nganasan, especially elderly woman, was very laid on business for all family. Especially as after the funeral all deer participating in a funeral caravan were slaughtered.

At the same time parents pretended that they do not hear though all perfectly understood. Such relations often came to an end with a wedding. Sometimes the guy and the girl just left. Then they returned each other gifts and kochevyam parted on the tundra with the.

Such attitude towards children was at all people which did not have an additional product, that is - division into the poor and the rich. Everything that people then made, right there all together and was consumed. It was not necessary to demand production of material benefits from the child. The same relation in traditional societies was also to old men, nobody left them without care, knowing that once they, being young people, fed the families too.

The FINAL JOURNEY TO the LOWER WORLD

According to the scientist, this guy forgot about traditions of the people. The clothes, probably, to it were altered from the maiden dress by the wife. And that probably it was made by mother still remembering radical way and ancient customs.

Most of the northern people began to lose originality at the beginning of the 20th century from the beginning of active development of the North. The Nganasan began to lose national identity in the 1960th years. Then the decision to move reindeer breeders nomads to big well-planned settlements was made. The Nganasan settled on three of them - Nova, Volochanke and to Ust-Avam. And these unique, but small people of the beginnings will be dissolved in other more numerous - Russians, Dolgans.

Nganasans - the most northern people of Eurasia. From time immemorial they wandered across the Taimyr Peninsula (the North of Krasnoyarsk Krai now). These people wintered in the forest-tundra. In the summer the Nganasan after a wild deer left on the North, is closer to the Ledovity ocean where a pasture it is better also than midges less. Unlike the next nationalities not reindeer breeding, but hunting for wild deer was their main occupation.